What are the Symptoms of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Post-traumatic stress disorder is the result of extreme mental stress that a person experiences due to a main trauma. Trauma may be caused by certain events, including assault, abuse, war, injury, imprisonment, threats, life-changing events and natural disasters. As a result, certain symptoms of the disorder manifest in a patient. Post-traumatic stress disorder was only accepted as a psychiatric sickness about twenty years ago, but it was a disorder that has been recognized and diagnosed at least a hundred years before that. Over time, it has been called dissimilar names. It was a psychologist named Pierre Janet, a contemporary of Sigmund Freud, who was able to describe the group of symptoms or syndrome of post-traumatic stress disorder. During the First World War, post-traumatic stress disorder was referred to as 'shell shock'. It was called 'combat fatigue' during World War II. After Vietnam, it was referred to as 'Post Vietnam Syndrome'. What are the normal symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder? While post-traumatic stress disorder has a group of symptoms, there are certain average physical manifestations of the disorder. This includes sweating, paleness, heart palpitation, excitability, agitation, headache, dizziness and fainting. The group of symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder may be classified into three groups: reliving of the event, avoidance and increased arousal. A person who suffers from post-traumatic stress disorder may exhibit symptoms of re-experiencing the stressful event either as flashbacks or nightmares. Memories may also be triggered by outside cues or internal thoughts. It is also possible that he might have identical reactions to what he experienced when the actual event occurred. The second group of symptoms is avoidance. This is where denial of the event is maintained by the person who suffers from the disorder. Avoidance may be in the form of a lack of remembrance of the trauma or certain aspects of the event, detachment, evasion of people, objects or places that remind of the event and a lack of concern for day-to-day common activities. Avoidance may also be exhibited via the lack of emotional responsiveness and is easily the the bulk difficult group of symptoms for psychiatrists to treat. In its extreme form, it may even result to dissociation, including Dissociative Identity Disorder. This is also referred to as Multiple Personality Disorder. Increased arousal may be another technique a person exhibits the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder. He may express irritability, sudden bursts of anger, hypervigilance, extreme response to surprise or shock, difficulty in concentrating and sleeping. When two or more people experience trauma, do they have the same symptoms? A group of people who suffer from trauma and experience post-traumatic stress disorder do not necessarily develop the same group of symptoms. In fact, some people do not even develop the disorder itself or if they do, it may appear in a mild form. The looks of symptoms is also not predictable. Some people may develop it instantly after the traumatic event and some months or years later. After treatment, some people may also have more difficulty in going back to their regular or common state while others recover easily. Occasional flare-ups of symptoms may also occur. What are the treatments for post-traumatic stress disorder? Depending on the symptoms, post-traumatic stress disorder may be treated using one or a combination of the following: Psychotherapy This type of treatment aims to induce relaxation via meditation, controlled breathing, positive imagery, neurofeedback, and so on. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Unlike some of the processes used in psychotherapy, CBT actively explores the traumatic event in order to recognize, manage and prevent trigger episodes. It may also include a process called desensitization, which involves the managed re-introduction or re-living of the traumatic event. This is to aid the patient obtain used to the idea that the event is not as jeopardizing or that his own responses to it can be controlled. Medication A patient is treated with anti-depressants or anti-anxiety medications that aid to calm and stabilize his mood. These include SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, paroxetine and sertraline. If symptoms of manic depression occur, divalproex sodium or lithium may be prescribed. If one of the troubles is sleeplessness, medications such as nefazodone and trazodone may also be recommended. To reinforce treatment, medications are often used in combination with other forms of therapy. Somatic psychotherapy This is a combination of cognitive, motor, sensory and emotional treatments that may include rhythmic stimulation in the form of touch or sound. The purpose of this treatment is to stimulate both sides of the brain and integrate their functions, thereby healing normalcy in responses to stress. How long does treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder last? Generally, people suffering from incessant post-traumatic stress disorder need to be treated for at least 6 months, after which they may be recommended to undergo booster sessions. Patients with acute forms of the disorder can expect continuing medication that may be tapered at 6 to 12 months, depending on the patient's response. If the response is good, medication may be tapered start at one year up to 2 years. If there are residual symptoms in the incessant form of the disorder, treatment may last for about 2 years or even more. Patients can expect some positive outcomes in 3 months from their initial treatment, as long as they do not develop other traumas or illnesses that may have stemmed from their experience of the trauma. |
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